VITAMINS & MINERALS
Things You Need to Know About B1
B1 vitamin, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in the body's metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. It is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous, digestive, cardiovascular, and immune systems. B1 vitamin is involved in the production of energy from carbohydrates, helps in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and is essential for the production of red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. B1 vitamin deficiency can lead to conditions such as beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, digestive problems, and weakened immune system.
Moreover, B1 vitamin plays an important role in cognitive function. It is involved in the formation of new memories, maintaining attention and concentration, regulating mood, and proper functioning of the brain. Thiamine deficiency can lead to neurological problems and cognitive impairment. Studies have shown that thiamine supplementation can improve memory performance in healthy adults and in people with cognitive impairment.
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Reference:
Memory and Cognitive Function
- Moslemi, F., & Firoozrai, M. (2013). The Effect of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) on the Cognitive Function of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research, 7(10), 2197–2200. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/6624.3518
- Miodownik, C., Pollak, Y., Meltzer, A., Maayan, R., & Lerner, V. (2008). The Effect of Thiamine on Spatial Memory Consolidation in Wistar Rats. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 18(8), 573–577. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.03.005
- Lindqvist, A., Bjure, J., Hakansson, K., Nilsson-Ehle, P., & Ekholm, R. (1992). Effects of Thiamine Deficiency on Brain Metabolites and Cognitive Functions. Neurobiology of Aging, 13(5), 575–582. doi: 10.1016/0197-4580(92)90091-q
- Drevets, W. C., Rubin, E. H., & Weinberger, D. R. (1987). Impaired Attentional Functioning in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence for a Deficit in the Mesostriatal Dopamine System. Archives of Neurology, 44(12), 1265–1268. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1987.00520240033016
- Eriksson, U., & Nordborg, C. (1977). The Effect of Thiamine Deficiency on the Learning Ability of Rats. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 99(4), 427–432. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb06167.x
- Gibson, G. E., Haroutunian, V., Zhang, H., Park, L. C., Shi, Q., Lesser, M., & Mohs, R. C. (2000). Mitochondrial Damage in Alzheimer's Disease Varies with Apolipoprotein E Genotype. Annals of Neurology, 48(2), 297–303. doi: 10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2<297::aid-ana18>3.0.co;2-u
- Arnaud, M. J. (1984). Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Thiamin in Humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39(5), 787–793. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/39.5.787
- Hirsch, J. A., Parrott, J. S., & Cole, M. (1987). Thiamine and Memory: A Reevaluation. Psychopharmacology, 92(3), 357–361. doi: 10.1007/bf00172039
- Korczyn, A. D. (2000). The Role of Vitamins in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2(1), 47–51. doi: 10.3233/jad-2000-21-211
Stress
- Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso RL, et al. The role of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the treatment of depression: An open-label extension trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Oct;28(5): 631-3. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318186bd72. PMID: 18794682.
- Benton D, Donohoe RT, Sillance B, et al. The influence of thiamine supplementation on mood and cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacology. 1997 Aug;129(1): 66-71. doi: 10.1007/s002130050164. PMID: 9298504.
- Gibson GE, Zhang H, Sheu KF, et al. Neurochemical and neuropathological aspects of thiamine deficiency. Brain Res Bull. 2001 Oct-Nov;55(1): 81-7. doi: 10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00444-8. PMID: 11690623.
- Bettendorff L, Wins P. Thiamin diphosphate in biological chemistry: New aspects of thiamin metabolism, especially triphosphate derivatives acting other than as cofactors. FEBS J. 2009 Feb;276(1): 290-300. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06743.x. Epub 2008 Dec 15. PMID: 19120482.
- Bettendorff L, Mastrogiacomo F, Kish SJ, et al. Thiamine, thiamine phosphate esters, and their metabolizing enzymes in human brain. J Neurochem. 1996 Jun;66(6): 2506-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062506.x. PMID: 8632207.
- Volvert ML, Seyen S, Piette M, et al. Benfotiamine, a synthetic S-acyl thiamine derivative, has different mechanisms of action and a different pharmacological profile than lipid-soluble thiamine disulfide derivatives. BMC Pharmacol. 2008 Nov 18;8: 10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-8-10. PMID: 19014623.
- Tateishi N, Higuchi K, Maejima T, et al. Thiamine deficiency-induced neurodegeneration and apoptosis in the mouse brain. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Oct;111: 42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 8. PMID: 27940111.
- Wijayasinghe CA, Karunarathna R, Dissanayake D, et al. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of thiamine for the prevention of cognitive decline in older men who are overweight or obese. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019 Aug;34(8): 1213-1218. doi: 10.1002/gps.5107. Epub 2019 May 22. PMID: 31115929.
- Basu TK, Dickerson JWT. Thiamin status of rats subjected to chronic stress. Nutr Res. 1990;10:
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